Transducer:
Transducer is a device that converts one form of signal into the other form of signal.
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| Transducer |
The input is given to the Sensor and the output of sensor is the input of Processor.The combine process of sensor and processor is a Transducer in which the sensor converts the physical quantity into electrical signal and processor continue the further process.
Now the Processor output electrical signal is given to the Actuator which coverts the electrical signal to the mechanical works,which is also an example of transducer.
Examples:
Microphone: Convert voice to Electrical signal
Speaker: Convert Electrical signal into Sound
Antenna: Converts Electromagnetic energy into electrical and vice versa
Strain Gauge : Convert strain to electrical. Strain gauge is a sensor that converts strain(Force) into the electrical signal,its resistance changes with the applied force on it and force magnitude can be easily measured.
Sensor:
Sensor is a device that converts physical quantity into electrical signal.
Example: Temperature and humidity sensor- DH22,
PIR Sensor: Passive Infrared Sensor is an Electronic device that measures infrared light radiation emitting from the object in its range.Generally, PIR can detect any Human/Animal movement in a range,the sensor doesn't emit any energy but passively receives and detect infrared energy from the environment.
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| PIR Sensor |
Ultrasonic Sensor: It is an optical sensor and can detect how far an particular object is placed.It uses a transducer to send and receive ultrasonic sound waves that gives an approximation distance of the object from the sensor.
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| Ultrasonic Sensor |
LDR Sensor :Light Dependent Resistor has a variable resistance which is the function of intensity of light falls on the surface of sensor. Its resistance decrease with the increase in the intensity of light falling on it. LDR can be used in the street light to automatically switchs on and off the lights when it requires.
LED: Led is a semiconductor which emit lights when current flows through it.
Led has two terminal:
Anode which is long terminal and positive in nature.
Cathode which is short and negative in nature.
Current aways flows from the anode to Cathode in LED and never in the opposite terminal.
The operating voltage of LED is around 1.8 to 3.3 volts it varies by the color of LED.Current varies from 10mA to 20mA which maximum current capacity of LED. It will burn out, if current more than 20mA goes in the LED.
Always, a Resistor is connected in series with LED to limit the current through the LED. The resister used is known as ballast resistor
